ZMBA 26–27赛季规则手册

1. 本规则参照 NBA 与 FIBA 标准，并结合学生篮球环境进行适当调整与简化。所有比赛均应在公平、尊重与安全的原则下进行。

This rulebook is based on NBA and FIBA standards, with appropriate adjustments and simplifications for the student basketball environment. All games shall be conducted under the principles of fairness, respect, and safety.

2. 本手册拟适用于 ZMBA 2026–27 赛季采用本规则的篮球比赛。具体适用场次由赛事组织方赛前公告；涉及安全、场地等特殊情况的最终决定权仍归学校。

This rulebook is intended for ZMBA basketball games in the 2026–27 season that adopt these rules. Applicable games shall be announced by the event organizers before play; the school retains final authority over extraordinary safety, venue, and related matters.

1. 常规比赛共四节，每节十分钟。 若常规时间结束双方比分相同，则进行每节五分钟的加时赛，直至分出胜负。

A regulation game consists of four ten-minute quarters. If the score is tied after regulation, successive five-minute overtime periods shall be played until a winner is determined.

2. 比赛计时和进攻计时按正常比赛程序执行。由计时员根据裁判哨音及比赛状态操作比赛时钟；进攻时钟遵循本手册的二十四秒与十四秒规定。

The game clock and shot clock shall be operated normally. The timekeeper administers the game clock in accordance with officiating signals and game status; the shot clock follows the 24-second and 14-second provisions of this rulebook.

1. 每队在常规比赛的每一节可使用一次暂停，每次暂停持续六十秒。未使用的暂停不得跨节累计。

Each team is entitled to one 60-second time-out per regulation quarter. Unused time-outs do not carry over to subsequent quarters.

2. 第四节比赛时钟显示剩余二分钟或以下时， 每队额外获得一次六十秒暂停，该暂停独立于第四节原有的暂停额度。

When the game clock shows 2:00 or less in the fourth quarter, each team receives one additional 60-second time-out, independent of its regular fourth-quarter allowance.

3. 每节五分钟加时赛中，每队可使用一次六十秒暂停；未使用的暂停不得延续至下一节加时赛。常规比赛未使用的暂停亦不得带入加时赛。

Each team has one 60-second time-out in every five-minute overtime period. Unused overtime time-outs do not carry over, and unused regulation time-outs cannot be carried into overtime.

1. 换人应在允许换人的死球时段按裁判指示进行，不得未经许可擅自进入比赛场地。

Substitutions shall be made during eligible dead-ball opportunities under the officials’ direction. Players may not enter the court without authorization.

1. 非法身体接触：改变对方球员速度、加速度、方向、位置的身体接触

Illegal physical contact is defined as any contact that alters the opponent’s speed, acceleration, direction, or position.

2. 普通非投篮个人犯规：在进攻球员未处于投篮动作期间发生的非法身体接触， 原则上判给被犯规队界外发球权。ZMBA 不设团队犯规累计后自动罚球的制度，也不依普通个人犯规累计次数设置五犯或六犯离场制度。

Common non-shooting personal fouls ordinarily result in a throw-in for the fouled team. ZMBA does not apply team-foul bonus free throws, nor does it impose a five-foul or six-foul disqualification for accumulated ordinary personal fouls.

1. 投篮犯规：当防守方在进攻球员投篮动作过程中产生非法身体接触，则判罚投篮犯规。若投篮未中，被犯规球员获得与投篮得分相应的罚球（两次或三次）。若投篮命中，进球有效并加罚一次罚球。

A shooting foul occurs when illegal contact is committed against a player in the act of shooting. If the shot is missed, the shooter shall be awarded free throws corresponding to the attempt (two or three). If the shot is made, the basket counts, and the player is awarded one additional free throw.

1. 明显不以合法争球为目的、反复阻断正常攻防或造成危险身体接触的行为，不因取消团队犯规累计罚球而获得豁免；裁判应根据行为性质依第五至第七章处理。

Deliberate non-basketball contact, repeated disruption of legitimate play, or dangerous contact is not exempt merely because team-foul bonus free throws have been abolished. Officials shall apply the applicable provisions in Sections V–VII.

1. 走步违例 Traveling：球员在持球移动时超过允许步数，或未能建立合法中枢脚。

A traveling violation occurs when a player moves illegally with the ball, taking too many steps without dribbling or failing to establish a legal pivot foot.

2. 两次运球 Double Dribble：球员在结束运球后再次运球，或同时双手运球。

A double dribble occurs when a player dribbles again after stopping, or dribbles with both hands simultaneously.

3. 八秒违例 Eight-Second Violation：进攻方必须在八秒内将球推进至前场。

The offensive team must advance the ball into the frontcourt within eight seconds.

4. 回场违例 Backcourt Violation：当进攻方已在前场控制活球，且本队球员最后在前场触球后，若本队球员首先在后场触球，或球触及本队后场后首先由本队球员触及，则判罚回场违例。

A backcourt violation occurs when a team controlling a live ball in its frontcourt is the last to touch the ball in the frontcourt and is then the first to touch it either while a player is in contact with the backcourt or after the ball has touched its backcourt.

1. 进攻三秒违例：进攻球员原则上不得在本队控制前场活球期间连续超过三秒停留于对方限制区。鉴于 ZMBA 比赛的实际竞技水平，裁判可对未明显获利或未破坏比赛公平性的停留行为采用宽松执法尺度。若球员持续占据禁区并明显获利，裁判可先口头提醒；仍未改正时可判罚三秒违例。

Offensive three seconds: an offensive player should not remain in the opponents’ restricted area for more than three consecutive seconds while the player’s team controls a live ball in the frontcourt. ZMBA officials may enforce this rule leniently where no meaningful unfair advantage results. Persistent occupation producing a clear advantage may be warned and then penalized if it continues.

2. 三秒计时在球员积极离开限制区、进攻方失去控球、有效投篮出手及比赛中断等情况下按实际比赛状态停止或重新计算。

The three-second count stops or restarts as appropriate when a player is actively leaving the restricted area, the offensive team loses control, a legitimate field-goal attempt is made, or play is interrupted.

3. 发球五秒违例：发界外球球员必须在五秒内将球掷入场内，否则判定违例。

The thrower must release the ball within five seconds of the referee placing it at their disposal.

1. 罚球球员应在获得球权后的五秒内出手。罚球未命中且未触及篮圈，按罚球违例处理。

The free-throw shooter must release the ball within five seconds after it is at the shooter’s disposal. A missed free throw that fails to touch the ring is treated as a free-throw violation.

2. 罚球过程中，站位球员与罚球球员应遵守合法站位及进线规定。具体提前进线的判罚和重罚处理参照当季适用的 FIBA 规则及裁判统一执行尺度，不得临场对双方采用不同标准。

During free throws, the shooter and lane players shall observe lawful positioning and entry restrictions. Premature lane-entry penalties and any resulting re-administration follow the applicable FIBA rules and a consistent officiating standard for both teams.

1. 进攻方获得新的球权时，进攻时钟通常设置为二十四秒。符合有效投篮触及篮圈的情形，进攻方再次控制球时通常为十四秒；防守方建立新的控制球权时通常为二十四秒。

When a team gains a new possession, the shot clock is generally set to 24 seconds. After a qualifying shot touches the ring, the same team’s ensuing control generally begins with 14 seconds; a new possession by the defensive team generally begins with 24 seconds.

2. 防守方在进攻方前场违规致比赛中断、且进攻方继续控球并在前场发球时，剩余十三秒或以下重置至十四秒，剩余十四秒或以上则继续原时间。后场发球及其他特殊回表情况依 FIBA 2026 相应计时原则处理。

For a stoppage caused by the defense with a frontcourt throw-in retained by the offense, reset to 14 seconds when 13 seconds or less remain, otherwise retain the remaining time. Backcourt throw-ins and other special resets follow the relevant FIBA 2026 timing principles.

3. 对方球队在普通非投篮犯规后于前场发球并继续控球时，进攻时钟如剩余十三秒或以下，通常重置至十四秒；如剩余十四秒或以上，则保留剩余时间。其他回表情形按本手册第四章进攻计时规定执行。

Following an ordinary defensive non-shooting foul with a frontcourt throw-in for the same team, the shot clock is generally reset to 14 seconds if 13 seconds or less remain, or kept unchanged if 14 seconds or more remain. Other resets follow the shot-clock provisions in Section IV.

1. 技术犯规包括：对裁判或对手的不当言语或行为、挑衅动作、故意拖延比赛、违规进入场地等。

Technical fouls include unsportsmanlike language or gestures, taunting, delaying the game, and illegal substitutions.

2. 技术犯规判给对方一次罚球。罚球结束后，原则上由比赛中断时原先拥有球权或应获球权的一方依正常程序恢复比赛；技术犯规本身不自动改变原有球权归属。

A technical foul awards one free throw to the opposing team. After the free throw, play ordinarily resumes with the team that had possession or was entitled to possession at the interruption. The technical foul itself does not automatically transfer possession.

3. 同一球员在同一场比赛中累计两次技术犯规，取消其本场比赛资格。

A player who commits two technical fouls in the same game is disqualified from the remainder of that game.

1. 违体犯规：球员以非正常篮球动作阻止对方，或做出危险性过大的防守动作。

Unsportsmanlike fouls involve non-basketball plays such as stopping a fast break by pulling or pushing or making excessive contact.

2. 恶意犯规：严重危及对手安全的暴力动作，如挥肘击打头部、空中推人等。

Flagrant fouls involve violent acts endangering player safety, such as elbowing to the head or pushing an airborne player.

3. 如发生疑似严重犯规，裁判可在确保比赛安全的前提下主动暂停比赛核查；仅在有清晰、可靠且适于公平使用的录像时进行主动回看。没有可靠录像时，由当值裁判根据现场所见作出判定。球队、教练及球员均无挑战申请权。

Officials may stop play on their own initiative to examine a suspected serious foul where safe to do so, and may review video only when clear, reliable footage can be used fairly. In the absence of suitable footage, the on-court officials decide based on their observations. Teams, coaches, and players have no Coach’s Challenge entitlement.

4. 处罚：均判给对方两次罚球并保留球权。 若同一球员累计两次违体犯规，或出现恶意犯规，则立即驱逐出场。

Penalty: two free throws plus possession. Two unsportsmanlike fouls or one flagrant foul result in automatic ejection.

1. 夺权犯规是最严重的违规行为，包括打架斗殴、攻击裁判或观众、以及任何危及比赛秩序与安全的行为。

Disqualifying fouls include fighting, assaulting referees or spectators, and any act that endangers game integrity or safety.

2. 对夺权犯规，立即取消违规球员本场比赛资格。ZMBA 本规则手册不施加赛后停赛或赛季禁赛。涉及学校纪律与安全管理的事项，由学校依据其规定另行处理。

A disqualifying foul results in immediate disqualification from the current game. This ZMBA rulebook imposes no subsequent-game suspension or season-long ban. Any separate school disciplinary or safety matter is handled by the school under its own procedures.

1. 裁判组负责场上篮球规则的即时判断、比赛记录核对及依规则纠正明显的计分或计时错误。记录更正不得作为球队挑战或无限次申请回看的替代机制。

The officiating crew is responsible for on-court basketball rulings, record checks, and correction of clear scoring or timing errors under the rules. Record correction does not create a substitute team challenge or unlimited replay-request process.

2. 出现严重伤病、恶劣天气、场地无法使用、设备故障或其他影响比赛安全与正常进行的特殊情况时，裁判可立即暂停比赛以保障安全；有关赛事延期、恢复、重赛、取消及其他特殊安排的最终决定权归学校。

In case of serious injury, severe weather, an unusable venue, equipment failure, or another exceptional threat to safe and orderly play, officials may immediately stop the game for safety. Final authority over postponement, resumption, replay, cancellation, and other extraordinary arrangements rests with the school.

3. 本手册未明示的场上判罚情形，由当值裁判组依公平、安全及已公布的适用规则作一致处理；任何解释不得与学校对特殊情况的最终决定相抵触。

Unspecified on-court rulings shall be handled consistently by the officiating crew in accordance with fairness, safety, and the applicable announced rules. Such rulings may not override the school’s final decisions on extraordinary circumstances.